![]() It also includes the effects of acid rain and pollution. Chemical erosion includes ‘disruption through soluble salts’, in which the stones draw up ground water and salt can be drawn into and crystallize within the stones (English Heritage 2011). There are three types of erosion that effect gravestones: Chemical, Physical, and Biological (English Heritage 2011). Nothing on this earth is permanent, and in a burial ground or cemetery is certainly the place to remember that. a degraded stone that is in poor condition and additional damage could be done by trying to ‘restore’ it), there is a somewhat of a line that means some things will be left to decay. While I wholeheartedly support monument conservation on gravestones where it makes sense to do so ( i.e. the stone is in ok condition but has cracked in half and can be repaired vs. I discussed the idea, in a previous post, about understanding and allowing the decay of structures of objects as part of their natural life cycle, and this goes for gravestones too. The impression that people get from a stone monument goes hand in hand with the ideal of the ‘immortal resting place’ that surround the grave, particularly in North America. As a sometimes geoarchaeologist, I’m here to talk about rocks. Some are made from wood (biodegradable), ‘white bronze’ monuments made from zinc, cast-iron, cement, and more! Each one of these materials comes with its own pros and cons, but we won’t be discussing them in this post. There are, of course, many different types of markers for a grave. (Photo by author 2019).įirstly, this post will be dealing with gravestones in the most specific of the sense. Having all stations plotted on a map guides you as to where high- and low-pressure systems, fronts, and the like are located, which ultimately helps you decide where to draw them in.Woodland Cemetery, London. But if you'll be analyzing a weather map by hand, station plot data is often the only information you start off with. If a weather map has already been analyzed, you'll find little use for the station plot data. Sky cover (also as one of NOAA's symbols).Current weather (marked as one of dozens of symbols established by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or NOAA).Dewpoint temperature (degrees Fahrenheit).Air temperature (in degrees Fahrenheit).They include reports of a variety of weather data at that location: Station plots describe the weather at a station location. (When reading the chart, note whether the time of year is daylight saving time or standard time and read accordingly.)Īs seen here, some surface weather maps include groupings of numbers and symbols known as weather station plots. If you're in California (which is Pacific Coastal Time) and the UTC issue time is "1345Z" (or 1:45 p.m.), then you know that the map was constructed at 5:45 a.m. If you're new to Z time, using a conversion chart (like the one shown above) will help you easily convert between it and your local time. Known as Zulu or Z time, this figure is included on a weather map so that all meteorological weather observations (taken at different locations and therefore, in different time zones) can be reported at the same standardized times no matter what the local time might be. It tells you when the weather map was created and also the time when the weather data in the map is valid. ![]() One of the first coded pieces of data you might notice on a weather map is a 4-digit number followed by the letters "Z" or "UTC." Usually found at the map's top or bottom corner, this string of numbers and letters is a timestamp.
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